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O que (quem) é by-catch - definição

FISH OR OTHER MARINE SPECIES THAT IS CAUGHT UNINTENTIONALLY WHILE CATCHING CERTAIN TARGET SPECIES AND TARGET SIZES OF FISH, CRABS, ETC.

By catch; Trawl bycatch; By-catch; Incidental mortality; Bycatch mitigation; Accidental catch; Shrimp trawling; Bykill

by-catch

¦ noun the unwanted fish and other marine creatures trapped by commercial fishing nets during fishing for a different species.

Bycatch

Bycatch (or by-catch), in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while fishing for specific species or sizes of wildlife. Bycatch is either the wrong species, the wrong sex, or is undersized or juveniles of the target species.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bycatch

Catch-22

NOVEL BY THE AMERICAN AUTHOR JOSEPH HELLER

A. Fortiori; Catch Twenty Two; Catch-22 (novel); Catch XXII; Catch 22 (novel); Catch-18; Catch‑22; Catch-22 (book)

also Catch 22

If you describe a situation as a Catch-22, you mean it is an impossible situation because you cannot do one thing until you do another thing, but you cannot do the second thing until you do the first thing.

It's a Catch 22 situation here. Nobody wants to support you until you're successful, but without the support how can you ever be successful?

N-SING: oft N n

Wikipédia

Bycatch

Bycatch (or by-catch), in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while fishing for specific species or sizes of wildlife. Bycatch is either the wrong species, the wrong sex, or is undersized or juveniles of the target species. The term "bycatch" is also sometimes used for untargeted catch in other forms of animal harvesting or collecting. Non-marine species (freshwater fish not saltwater fish) that are caught (either intentionally or unintentionally) but regarded as generally "undesirable" are referred to as "rough fish" (mainly US) and "coarse fish" (mainly UK).

In 1997, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defined bycatch as "total fishing mortality, excluding that accounted directly by the retained catch of target species". Bycatch contributes to fishery decline and is a mechanism of overfishing for unintentional catch.

The average annual bycatch rate of pinnipeds and cetaceans in the US from 1990 to 1999 was estimated at 6215 animals with a standard error of 448.

Bycatch issues originated with the "mortality of dolphins in tuna nets in the 1960s".

There are at least four different ways the word "bycatch" is used in fisheries:

Catch which is retained and sold but which is not the target species for the fishery
Species/sizes/sexes of fish which fishers discard
Non-target fish, whether retained and sold or discarded
Unwanted invertebrate species, such as echinoderms and non-commercial crustaceans, and various vulnerable species groups, including seabirds, sea turtles, marine mammals and elasmobranchs (sharks and their relatives).

Additionally, the term "deliberate bycatch" is used to refer to bycatch as a source of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) in several areas throughout world.

There are several tools to estimate bycatch limits—the maximum number of animals that could be sustainably removed from a population impacted by bycatch. These include the 'potential biological removal' (PBR) and the 'sustainable anthropogenic mortality in stochastic environments' (SAMSE), which incorporates stochastic factors to determine sustainable limits to bycatch and other human-caused mortality of wildlife.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bycatch

Exemplos do corpo de texto para by-catch

1. For marine mammals the major threat is accidental death, especially fisheries by–catch and vessel strike.

2. Dolphin–friendly fishing nets have been introduced in the United States, and they work÷ they have brought dolphin by–catch down to a third.

3. Overall fishing possibilities will be reduced... also for those species for which cod is a by–catch," EU Fisheries Commissioner Joe Borg said.

4. Negotiations come amid warnings from scientists that any catch of angerously–depleted fish stocks, such as cod, could be disastrous for future stocks, while fishermen counter that their livelihood is being severely hit by catch restrictions and high fuel prices.

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